There's been great news on the Covid-19 vaccination front the past couple of weeks, with excellent preliminary results for vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna. Both report higher-than-expected effectiveness (Pfizer 90%, Moderna 94.5%). But what does it mean for a vaccination to be "90% effective"? (I'll use the Pfizer number because it makes the math easier). … Continue reading What Does 90% Effective Mean?

We all know the peculiarities of our presidential electoral college system. Nowhere is it more apparent then in the 'tipping point' states that determine elections. Because of the winner-take-all appropriation of electoral votes, small changes in those states can have huge ramifications. Take Pennsylvania for example, since that was the state on everyone's mind this … Continue reading Pennsylvania, of course